Weight influences how and at what time bodies burn energy, according to new research.

The study published in the journal Obesity found people who have a healthy weight use more energy during the day, when most people are active and eat, while those who are obese spend more energy during the night when most people sleep.

It also found that during the day, those with obesity have higher levels of the hormone insulin -- a sign that the body is working harder to use glucose, an energy-packed sugar.

“It was surprising to learn how dramatically the timing of when our bodies burn energy differed in those with obesity,” said Andrew McHill, Assistant Professor at Oregon Health & Science University in the US.

“However, we’re not sure why. Burning less energy during the day could contribute to being obese, or it could be the result of obesity,” McHill added.

Obesity is defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more. Being overweight or obese increases the risk for health conditions such as high blood pressure and Type 2 diabetes.

 Daily schedules and when people sleep, eat and exercise can also affect health, by either complementing or going against the body’s natural, daily rhythms.

Every 24 hours, people experience numerous changes that are triggered by the human body’s internal clock. These changes normally occur at certain times of the day in order to best serve the body’s needs at any given hour. While previous research has suggested circadian rhythm misalignment affects energy metabolism and glucose regulation, those studies have largely involved participants who have a healthy weight.

To explore this further, McHill and the team organised a study that included people of different body sizes. A total of 30 people volunteered to participate in the study, which involved participants staying at a specially designed circadian research lab for six days.

The study followed a rigorous circadian research protocol involving a schedule designed to have participants be awake and sleep at different times throughout each day.

After each period of sleep, volunteers were awakened to eat and participate in a variety of tests for the remaining time of each day. One test had participants exercise while wearing a mask that was connected to a machine called an indirect calorimeter, which measures exhaled carbon dioxide and helps estimate energy usage. Blood samples were also collected to measure glucose levels in response to an identical meal provided during each day. Next, the research team plans to explore eating habits and hunger in people who are obese, as well as those who have a healthy weight.