Zhao CL, et al. - Given that small vessel inflammation is a recognized phenomenon occurring in association with giant cell arteritis (GCA), the researchers analyzed associated clinical manifestations and laboratory data including ANA and p-ANCA titers. Between 2008 and 2017, histologic sections and medical records of105 temporal artery specimens were retrospectively reviewed. In GCA, simultaneous involvement of arterioles and medium to large sized arteries was common and could be correlated with treatment refractory disease. Findings suggested that documentation of small arterial involvement in GCA will assist the physician to manage the disease more efficiently.