Sagaser S, Butterfield R, Kosiorek H, et al. - Researchers conducted this pilot study to evaluate tear film transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and ocular microbiome changes after intense pulsed light with meibomian gland expression (IPL-MGX) vs only MGX in treating ocular rosacea with dry eye symptoms. They randomly assigned 20 patients to IPL-MGX or MGX. Study participants were examined, treated, and administered the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) survey every 4– 6 weeks for four total treatments. According to findings, IPL-MGX improved the symptoms of dry eye more than MGX alone. In decreasing virulent bacteria present on the ocular surface, IPL treatment gave no additional benefit to MGX and did not affect TGF-β levels in tears. To further investigate cytokines and IPL in patients suffering from ocular rosacea with dry eye symptoms, prospective studies on IPL-MGX with larger sample sizes are required.