Haapanen MJ, et al. - In this sub-study of the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study, researchers determined if wartime parental separation, an indicator of severe early life stress (ELS), would be related to frailty in old age. The initial findings were suggestive of possible extension of the impacts of ELS not just into adulthood but also into old age. Long-term effects of ELS were more likely to be seen among men. An increased relative risk ratio of frailty, that persisted after adjusting for several confounders, was observed in men who had been separated vs the non-separated men. Women demonstrated no associations.