Aksoy GK, et al. - Between February 2018 and December 2018, the medical records of pediatric patients with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) were retrospectively analyzed in order to examine the potential impact of cigarette smoke exposure on desmopressin treatment response in these children. A total of 81 children with the diagnosis of PMNE were included. The regularity of at-home passive smoke exposure was 53.1%. Sixty-two individuals had severe PMNE and with the severity of symptoms, the response to desmopressin reduced. In 11, 23 and 47 of individuals, respectively, nonresponsiveness to treatment, partial and complete responses were noted. In children exposed to smoke (n = 34) and in those who were not, treatment failure was 55.8% and 26.4 %, respectively. While univariate analysis exhibited that the severity of symptoms and smoke exposure were related to treatment failure, in multivariate analysis, the only independent risk factor was the presence of smoke exposure. Hence, exposure to cigarette smoke is a whimsical and significant risk factor that, in children with PMNE, decreases the success of desmopressin treatment.