Buhr N, Oeffinger D, Kryscio R, et al. - This study intended to evaluate the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in orthopaedic patients and typical children and identify risk factors to aid in screening. A prospective study was conducted to include a total of 138 individuals and 30 typical children ages 2 to < 18 yr. They excluded those with known problems with abnormal vitamin D metabolism or diminished ability to play outside. This analysis estimated height, weight, and serum 25-OH vitamin D levels. In 71% of the population, vitamin D insufficiency is much greater than that being reported. The results demonstrated that a high rate of vitamin D insufficiency implies that routine screening may be required to prevent long-term effects on bone growth and fragility. Features of those at greatest risk are an ethnic minority, older age, obesity, time spent outdoors of less than 20 min per day, and no private health insurance.