Feist H, Hussein K, Stucki-Koch A, et al. - The present study was conducted to evaluate whether villitis of unknown etiology and chronic deciduitis are not correlated with human papilloma virus and enterovirus infection. Researchers examined 20 cases with VUE and 30 cases with chronic deciduitis with plasma cells. The study analyzed the placenta specimens for expression of HPV capsid protein by immunohistochemistry, for presence of HPV DNA via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and for presence of enterovirus mRNA using RT-PCR, respectively. An association was found between VUE and maternal diseases: atopic lesions in 21%, other autoimmune diseases in 15.5%, and obesity in 31.5%, respectively. The studies demonstrate that a causal role for enterovirus and human papillomavirus in the development of VUE and CD is unlikely. Hence, the incidence of VUE and CD can be reduced by HPV vaccination in the future.