Strianese D et al. – In the current review, the authors report recent therapeutic advances and provide general recommendations for management of thyroid eye disease (TED). The role of oxidative stress in exacerbating disease severity has led to the use of antioxidative agents such as selenium, which may limit disease progression without the risk of relevant side-effects. Use of biological immunosuppressive agents may provide effective and long-lasting anti-inflammatory activity with possible lower risk of recurrence and reduction in surgical intervention in moderate to severe disease. Accurate evaluation of fat and muscle volume based on a recently published algorithm for imaging provides relevant information for preoperative assessment.