Filek R, et al. - This is the first comprehensive study examining the long-term structural and functional changes that occur to the optic nerve and retina following ranibizumab (Lucentis) injections in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME), a common complication of diabetic retinopathy. The study sample consisted of 30 patients requiring anti-VEGF injections and 21 control patients not requiring anti-VEGF injections. Clinically, by raising cup volume and raising the vertical cup/disk ratio over time, the anti-VEGF treatment seems to impact the optic nerve. The results provide a cautionary note to monitor the status of both the retina and the optic nerve in frequently injected patients.