He J, Zhu Z, Bundy JD, et al. - Examined were 20-year trends in cardiovascular risk factors by race and ethnicity and by socioeconomic status in the US.

• This is a US serial cross-sectional survey study.

• Included were a total of 50,571 individuals aged 20 years or older from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

• From 1999 to 2018, significant increases in BMI and hemoglobin A_{1c and significant decreases in serum total cholesterol and cigarette smoking were observed.}

• Non-Hispanic Black participants were constantly noted to be at higher mean age- and gender-adjusted estimated 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease when compared with non-Hispanic White participants, however, attenuation of this difference occurred after further adjusting for education, income, home ownership, employment, health insurance, and access to health care.

• Overall findings suggest that social determinants of health may have moderated the difference.