Evans M, et al. - Researchers designed a patient-level simulation model to determine the health and economic benefits of maintaining normokalaemia and enabling optimal renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitor (RAASi) therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). They aimed at fully characterizing the natural history of CKD over a lifetime horizon and at predicting the links between serum potassium levels, RAASi use and long-term outcomes based on published literature by using this model. Sensitivity and scenario analyses were carried out. The predictive capability of the model was confirmed via internal and external validation. Longer life expectancy (+ 2.36 years), delayed onset of end stage renal disease (+ 5.4 years), quality-adjusted life-year gains (+ 1.02 QALYs), cost savings (£3135) and associated net monetary benefit (£23,446 at £20,000 per QALY gained) were seen in relation to sustained potassium management and ongoing RAASi therapy vs an absence of RAASi to prevent hyperkalaemia. Overall, this model affords a new approach to predict the long-term benefits of maintaining normokalaemia and enabling optimal RAASi therapy in patients with CKD, regardless of the strategy used to achieve this target.