Fuhrman DY, Kellum JA, Joyce EL, et al. - Over a 19-month time period, 16 children undergoing liver transplantation were recruited to determine the predictive capabilities of urinary KIM-1, NGAL, TIMP-2, and IGFBP7 for diagnosing AKI. Using the area under the curve obtained by ROC analysis, predictive ability was assessed. Between 2 and 4 days after transplant, AKI occurred in 6 (37.5%) of the patients. No differences were observed in any of the biomarkers prior to transplant. The area under the ROC curve for anticipating AKI was 0.758 for KIM-1, 0.900 for NGAL, and 0.933 for the product of TIMP-2 and IGFBP7 ([TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7]) when obtained within 6 hours after transplant. According to this prospective pilot study, NGAL and [TIMP-2]·[IGFBP7] provide significant discrimination for AKI risk after liver transplant in children. In order to determine the optimal time point for measuring these biomarkers and confirm the results, larger studies are needed.