Liang CS, Bai YM, Hsu JW, et al. - This case-control analysis nested within a sample of Taiwan National Health Insurance beneficiaries (n = 1,000,000) was conducted to determine epilepsy risk following prolonged exposure to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and to ascertain what age group was carrying a greater risk of epilepsy. The case cohort comprised PPI users with subsequent epilepsy, while PPI users without subsequent epilepsy were included as controls; these were matched for age, gender, PPI use indication, enrollment time, end point time, follow-up period, overall systemic health, and comorbidities. According to findings, an increased risk of epilepsy was present in relation to prolonged PPI therapy across all ages, but it was particularly true among the elderly.