‘t Hoen LA, Bhatt NR, Radmayr C, et al. - This study was carried out to ascertain the prognostic importance of testicular microlithiasis (TM) in children in correlation to the risk of testicular malignancy or infertility and compare the differences between the paediatric and adult population. Researchers conducted a literature review of the Medline, Embase and Cochrane controlled trials databases until November 2020 according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement. The study enrolled a total of 26 publications. During puberty, only one patient with TM developed a testicular malignancy during the follow-up of 595 children with TM. The results showed that during childhood, TM is a common incidental finding that does not seem to be associated with testicular malignancy, but in the presence of risk factors is correlated with testicular malignancy in the adult population. In children with contributing risk factors from puberty onwards, routine monthly self-examination of the testes is recommended. A more intensive follow-up could be considered when TM is still present during transition to adulthood.