Hsiao JR, et al. - In a case-control study, researchers explored the link between oral bacterial profile and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) risk. The study included 138 OSCC cases and 151 controls (88 cases and 90 controls for the discovery group and 50 cases and 61 controls for the validation group). They noted a positive association between periodontopathogenic bacteria (Prevotella tannerae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia) and OSCC risk. Lifestyle and genetic factors could influence this association. Further biological support was offered for the established link between poor oral hygiene and OSCC risk. An attenuated OSCC risk may be achieved by improving oral hygiene and this should be part of a public health campaign to prevent the occurrence of OSCC.