Stanford J, Charlton K, Stefoska-Needham A, et al. - Researchers analyzed 25 eligible articles with data from 892 adults with kidney disease or kidney stones and 1,400 controls, to characterize variations of the gut microbial community among adults suffering from kidney disease and kidney stones, and to define the functional capacity of the gut microbiota and reporting of diet as a confounder in these studies. The eligible studies were identified from six scientific databases (CINHAL, Medline, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library), and from selected grey literature sources. Findings revealed increased abundances of various microbes including Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcaceae, Streptococcus and reduced abundances of Prevotellaceae, Prevotella, Prevotella 9 and Roseburia among other taxa in adults with kidney disease vs controls. Participants with kidney stones were also identified to have a modified microbial composition with variations to Bacteroides, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Ruminiclostridium 5 group, Dorea, Enterobacter, Christensenellaceae and its genus Christensenellaceae R7 group. Overall, there was difference in gut microbiota profiles among adults with kidney disease and kidney stones vs that of controls.