From the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017, the estimates of typhoid and paratyphoid fever burden were presented alongside describing the approach taken to produce them. In 2017, 14·3 million cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers occurred globally, a 44·6% (42·2–47·0) decline from 25·9 million (22·0–29·9) in 1990. In 2017, the causative entity in 76·3% (71·8–80·5) of cases of enteric fever was Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. A global case fatality of 0·95% (0·54–1·53) is estimated in 2017. Children and older adults, and those living in lower-income countries had higher case fatality estimates. Researchers observed a 41·0% (33·6–48·3) decline in deaths from typhoid and paratyphoid fever globally, from 230·5 thousand (131·2–372·6) in 1990 to 135·9 thousand (76·9–218·9) in 2017. Overall, 9·8 million (5·6–15·8) DALYs related to typhoid and paratyphoid fevers were reported in 2017, down 43·0% (35·5–50·6) from 17·2 million (9·9–27·8) DALYs in 1990. These findings suggest typhoid and paratyphoid fevers as major causes of disability and death, with billions of people likely to be exposed to the pathogens despite notable progress. They emphasize increased vaccine use (including with typhoid conjugate vaccines that are effective in infants and young children and protective for longer periods) and improved data and surveillance to inform vaccine rollout in addition to the essentially of improvements in water and sanitation for driving the greatest improvements in the global burden of the disease.