Falcaro M, Castañon A, Ndlela B, et al. - The introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program in England resulted in a substantial decrease in cervical cancer as well as in incidence of grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) in young women, particularly in persons who were offered the vaccine at age 12–13 years. A successful almost elimination of cervical cancer in women born since Sept 1, 1995, has been achieved with the HPV immunization program.

• A bivalent vaccine (Cervarix) against HPV was launched in England, UK, on September 1, 2008: routine vaccination was received by girls aged 12–13 years with a catch-up program for females aged 14–18 years in 2008–10.

• This immunization program’s early impact on cervical cancer and cervical carcinoma in situ, namely CIN3 registrations, were estimated in this observational study.

• Data were collected from 13·7 million-years of follow-up of women aged 20 years to younger than 30 years.

• Relative decrease in cervical cancer rates by age at vaccine offer was estimated to be 34% for age 16–18 years (school year 12–13), 62% for age 14–16 years (school year 10–11), and 87% for age 12–13 years (school year 8), vs the reference unvaccinated cohort.

• For CIN3, corresponding risk decreases were estimated to be 39% for those offered at age 16–18 years, 75% for age 14–16 years, and 97% for age 12–13 years.

• In England, vaccinated cohorts had 448 (339–556) fewer than expected cervical cancers and 17,235 (15,919–18,552) fewer than expected cases of CIN3, by June 30, 2019.