Falcaro M, Castañon A, Ndlela B, et al. - In England, introduction of the human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization program resulted in a substantial decrease in cervical cancer and incidence of grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN3) in young women, particularly in those who received the vaccine at age 12–13 years. Due to the HPV immunization program, cervical cancer has been successfully almost eliminated in women born since Sept 1, 1995.

• In England, UK, HPV immunization with a bivalent vaccine (Cervarix) was introduced in Sept 1, 2008: routine vaccination was provided to girls aged 12–13 years with a catch-up program for females aged 14–18 years in 2008–10.

• Data from 13·7 million-years of follow-up of women aged 20 years to younger than 30 years were utilized in this observational study to quantify the early impact of this immunization program on cervical cancer and cervical carcinoma in situ, namely CIN3, registrations.

• Based on the age at vaccine offer, estimated relative decrease in cervical cancer rates were 34%, 62%, and 87% for age 16–18 years (school year 12–13), age 14–16 years (school year 10–11), and for age 12–13 years (school year 8), respectively, vs the reference unvaccinated cohort.

• For CIN3, the corresponding risk reductions were estimated to be 39%, 75%, and 97% for those offered at age 16–18 years, age 14–16 years, and age 12–13 years, respectively.

• By estimates, there had been 448 (339–556) less than expected cervical cancers and 17,235 (15,919–18,552) fewer than anticipated cases of CIN3 in vaccinated cohorts, in England, by June 30, 2019.