Eberl S, Koers L, van Hooft J, et al. - Researchers undertook this randomised controlled multicentre study to determine whether esketamine vs alfentanil is effective as an adjunct to propofol target-controlled infusion (TCI) for deep sedation during ambulant endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). This inquiry was carried out at an academic and general hospital in the Netherlands, and involved adult patients scheduled to undergo ERCP, and having American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status I to III. Random allocation of consecutive patients was done to receive sedation for an ERCP with propofol TCI and alfentanil (group A) or with propofol TCI and esketamine (group E). During ERCP in American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II patients, the use of low-dose esketamine vs alfentanil resulted in decrease in the total amount of propofol required for sedation, with no impact on recovery time, satisfaction of patients and endoscopists, side effects as well as respiratory or cardiovascular adverse events.