Stefan MS, Pack Q, Shieh MS, et al. - This is the first large observational study examining the connection of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with postoperative outcomes among smokers hospitalized for a surgical procedure. This investigation was conducted in 552 hospitals of active smokers hospitalized between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2016, for a major surgical procedure (Medicare Severity Diagnosis-Related Group expected length of stay, ≥ 2 days). Of the 147,506 active smokers, within 2 days of admission, 25,651 were prescribed NRT. No connection was found between receipt of NRT and in-hospital complications, mortality, all-cause 30-day readmissions, or 30-day readmission for wound complications in the propensity-matched analysis. Such findings support the proof that NRT in the perioperative period should be regularly prescribed.