Rick EM, Woolnough KF, Seear PJ, et al. - Researchers sought to describe the airway mycobiota in asthmatics with and without fungal‐sensitization and healthy controls and to compare samples representing different airway compartments using high‐throughput sequencing. In addition, they investigated if the fungal composition of outdoor air influence the mycobiota, and compared findings with clinically relevant outcomes. They obtained sputum from 97 recruited individuals (83 asthmatics; 14 healthy subjects); of these, 29 underwent a bronchoscopy in addition. They identified 206 taxa at the species level in sputum, most at low relative abundance. Relatively highest abundances were noted of Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans and Mycosphaerella tassiana and these were the most prevalent species across all individuals. Dominance of a relatively small number of species was thus noted in airway mycobiota. A correlation was observed of notable shifts in the balance of fungi detected in the lung with asthma status, asthma duration and biomarkers of inflammation. Airway mycobiota was distinct from the oropharyngeal mycobiota and air samples. Findings suggest a possible unexpected role of members of the Aspergillus niger and Cryptococus humicola species complexes in the pathogenesis of asthma.