Wen FH, et al. - The concordance between cancer patients’ states of life-sustaining treatments (LSTs) received in their last month and LST-preference states assessed longitudinally over their last 6 months was examined. On examining states of preferred and received LSTs (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, intensive care unit care, chest compression, intubation with mechanical ventilation, intravenous nutrition, and nasogastric tube feeding) in 271 cancer patients’ last 6 months by a transition model with hidden Markov modeling (HMM), researchers identified a poor concordance between patients’ preferred and received LST states. Findings suggest the requirements for interventions to clarify patients’ end-of-life (EOL)-care goals and to facilitate their understanding LST ineffectiveness in prolonging life at EOL. Such interventions may enhance patients’ comfort preference and ensure concordance between their preferred and received EOL care.