Ribeiro DM, et al. – A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the technical quality of root canal treatment performed by undergraduate students using hand instrumentation. The findings inferred that technical quality of root fillings performed by undergraduate students was low, which could report that endodontic education has limited achievement at undergraduate level. The authors suggested that a plan to improve the quality of root fillings, and by extrapolation the overall quality of root canal treatment, should be discussed by the staff responsible for endodontic education and training.