Ivy MI, Sharma K, Greenwood-Quaintance KE, et al. - This study attempted to ascertain the diagnostic accuracy of α defensin (AD) lateral flow assay (LFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in comparison to conventional synovial white blood cell (WBC) count and polymorphonuclear neutrophil percentage (PMN%) analysis. Researchers included individuals undergoing joint aspiration for assessment of pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) for inclusion. They examined synovial fluids from 99 patients (25 THA and 74 TKA) by WBC count and PMN% analysis, AD LFA, and AD ELISA. This study’s findings demonstrate that the diagnostic accuracy of synovial AD for PJI diagnosis is comparable and not statistically superior to that of synovial WBC count plus PMN% combined.