Herbst KW, et al. - Researchers undertook this retrospective cohort analysis, utilizing the Pediatric Health Information System database, in United States children’s hospitals, to determine the rate and timing of kidney-associated and survival results for children diagnosed with posterior urethral valves. Participants included hospitalized children who received a diagnosis of congenital urethral stenosis in their first year of life and either had endoscopic valve ablation or urinary drainage intervention, or died. In this multicenter cohort, a 5% risk of death was reported in patients with posterior urethral valves. These patients were most likely to die during their initial hospitalization. A diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia was associated with a higher risk of death. A higher risk of need for dialysis/transplant was observed in relation to kidney dysplasia.