Iyer JR, et al. - Among nonpregnant women and male partners in HIV seroconcordant or HIV discordant relationships who wanted a child, researchers examined the burden and determinants of subfertility. A total of 334 couples enrolled in the Sakh’umndeni safer conception cohort at Witkoppen Clinic in Johannesburg between July 2013 and April 2017 were assessed. Subfertility was experienced by 65% of the couples, of which 33% were primary subfertility and 67% secondary subfertility. Higher risk of infertility was evident among HIV-positive women, even when on antiretroviral therapy. Subfertility was noted to be linked with both male and female HIV status. In resource-limited settings, subfertility seems to be not well recognized as a reproductive health problem and is suggested to play a part in prolonged HIV exposure and transmission within couples.