Feldman CH, et al. - With respect to healthcare utilization, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and mortality, gender-differences were investigated, in this study, among patients with lupus nephritis (LN) receiving Medicaid, public insurance for low-income individuals. Overall, an extremely high ESRD and mortality were reported in this incident LN cohort but these were not found to be increased among males vs females. Outcomes in this vulnerable population may not be significantly influenced by biologic and healthcare utilization differences by sex.