Ballal V, et al. - In this trial, researchers examined the impact of Dual Rinse 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) on the clinical effectiveness of NaOCl. Irrigation with pure NaOCl provided 40% canals free of culturable microorganisms vs 50% with the NaOCl/HEDP mixture. No apparent selection of aerobic or anaerobic taxa took place in either group when estimated by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight analysis. Overall, no impact of HEDP on clinical NaOCl consequences was reported.