Rasmussen MLH, et al. - The incidence of postpartum affective disorder (AD), duration of treatment, and rate of subsequent postpartum AD and other affective episodes were estimated in a nationwide cohort of women with no prior psychiatric history. Among women with no prior psychiatric history, the authors observed an episode of postpartum AD for 0.6% of childbirths. They characterized the observed episodes by a relatively short treatment duration, yet the women had a notably high rate of later AD and recurrent episodes of postpartum AD. Among women with postpartum depression (PPD) hospital contact after first birth, the recurrence risk of postpartum AD was markedly higher than those with postpartum antidepressant medication after first birth. The outcomes highlighted the necessity of measures targeted at specific vulnerable groups, like women who experienced PPD as a first psychiatric episode.