Findings demonstrated an elevated long-term risk of hematologic cancers and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) among sarcoidosis patients with biopsy-verified nonnecrotizing granulomatous inflammation than the general population.

• A cohort of 3,892 patients with sarcoidosis and an age- and gender-matched comparison cohort of 38,920 population controls were included to determine the long-term risk of hematologic cancers, invasive solid tumors, and NMSC among sarcoidosis patients with biopsy-verified nonnecrotizing granulomatous inflammation.

• Sarcoidosis patients had an increased long-term risk of hematologic cancers (hazard ratio, HR during the first 2 years of follow-up: 2.71; HR after > 2 years of follow-up: 2.12) and NMSC (HR after > 2 years of follow-up: 1.82).

• Only during the first 2 years, the risk of invasive solid tumors was increased (HR 1.55).

• Sarcoidosis patients, in comparison to population controls, exhibited an elevated absolute 10-year risk of hematologic cancers (risk difference 0.56%) and NMSC (risk difference 1.58%).