Zhang Y, Dong Q, Tian L, et al. - As minimal research on recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection and risk factors in Chinese children has been published, researchers conducted this prospective, nested case‐control study to identify risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection recurrence after successful eradication in children. From January 2018 to February 2019, a cohort of 230 children with successful eradication of Helicobacter pylori in Baoding (China) was selected. Among 218 (94.8%) successfully followed children, 41 (18.8%) had a recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection. The rate of recurrence was higher in children ≤ 10 years old than >10 years old. Multivariable regression results showed that residence in urban areas, higher household income, and having lunch at home were significantly protective against recurrence, while Helicobacter pylori infection in family members increased the risk of recurrence. The recurrence rate of Helicobacter pylori infection in children in Baoding region is high and strongly associated to socioeconomic factors. An independent risk factor for recurrence of Helicobacter pylori infection may be the IFNGR1 gene polymorphism.