Han W, et al. - This review was carried out to delineate risk factors for unsuccessful outcome of urethrocutaneous fistula (UCF) repair after transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty (Duckett) in pediatric hypospadias. The factors suggested as conferring risk for easy failure of UCF repairs after transverse preputial island flap urethroplasty included UCF ≥ 2 mm, the numbers of UCFs ≥ 2, or the less experienced surgeon. Notably, factors that did not show significant association with the success rate of UCF repair included age of patients, site of UCFs, interval time of two operations, length of neourethra, times of UCFs repairs, complications other than UCF and postoperative infection.