Singh TD, et al. – This research intends to ascertain the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of acute brain failure (ABF) in a mixed medical and surgical cohort of critically ill patients and its impact on ICU & hospital mortality. A common complication of critical illness is ABF and is correlated with increased short and long–term mortality. The risk of ABF is especially high in older patients with baseline dementia, COPD, diabetes, liver and renal disease and those treated with invasive mechanical ventilation.