Yamaura K, Mifune Y, Inui A, et al. - This study was intended to examine the conditions of throwing shoulder in professional baseball pitchers with glenohumeral internal rotation deficit (GIRD) by comparing with those in pitchers without GIRD. Researchers included a total of 26 male professional baseball pitchers. The assessed the passive range of motion and isometric muscle strength at internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) at 90° abduction, as well as the muscle thickness of the supraspinatus (SSP) and infraspinatus (ISP) by ultrasound. Results exhibited that GIRD was significantly associated with several conditions, such as atrophy of the SSP and ISP, weakness of ER strength, enhancement of IR strength, limitation of the total range of motion, and throwing side, all of which could be important factors for throwing shoulder injuries.