Bestrashniy JRBM, et al. - Performing a case-control study nested within a cohort of consecutively enrolled adults who were being treated for smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in 70 randomly selected district clinics in Vietnam, researchers investigated how individual factors (smoking, alcohol use, HIV, poor treatment adherence, and drug-resistant disease) co-act to produce recurrent disease. They recruited 10,964 patients between October 2010 and July 2013 and identified that among patients with TB, index disease treatment history was a leading determinant of relapse.