Boudhabhay I, Delestre F, Coutance G, et al. - This multicenter cohort of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with renal involvement was analyzed to determine the clinicopathologic features of patients with AAV who had renal arteritis at diagnosis as well as to retrospectively assess their prognostic value. Researchers analyzed 251 patients, including 34 (13.5%) with arteritis. Older age and presence of a more pronounced inflammatory syndrome as well as a significantly lower renal survival were found in patients with AAV-associated arteritis vs patients without arteritis. Multivariable analysis revealed the following factors that were independently related to end-stage renal disease: the ANCA renal risk score, age at diagnosis, prior history of diabetes mellitus, and arteritis on index kidney biopsy. Patients with an arteritis involving small arteries, who were grouped as having low or moderate risk by the ANCA renal risk score, were found to have significantly worse ESRD-free survival. In this study, AAV with renal arteritis was identified as a different subtype of AAV with specific clinical and histologic features. The prognostic contribution of the arteritis status is yet to be prospectively corroborated.