dos Santos DMS, et al. - Researchers examined how titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) varnish influence the development of dentin carious lesions. They treated bovine root dentin samples for 6 h with: (A) 4% TiF4 varnish (2.45% F); (B) 5.42% sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish (2.45% F); (C) 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel – positive control; (D) placebo varnish; or (E) untreated – negative control (n = 4 × biological triplicate, n = 12). For the first 8 h in 24-well plates, they exposed the treated dentin samples to human saliva mixed with McBain saliva (1:50). Thereafter, they removed the medium and applied McBain saliva containing 0.2% sucrose for 16 h. From days 2 to 5, they replaced McBain saliva with sucrose daily (37°C, 5% CO₂). The analysis revealed a significant reduction in the biofilm viability with all treatments (fluorides and CHX) compared to placebo varnish and negative control. They noted a better effect of TiF4 in annihilating mineral loss and lesion depth than NaF. This supports the best protective effect of TiF4 varnish on dentin carious lesion formation using this model.