Fankhauser CD, et al. - Researchers assessed the association of shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) for kidney stones and hypertension or diabetes. The main group of interest included patients after SWL for kidney stones. The comparison group comprised patients treated with shock waves for distal ureter stones only. The Swiss Health Survey (SHS) dataset was used as an additional comparison group. SWL, in general, was found to be associated with hypertension and diabetes, relative to the SHS data set. However, findings revealed no clear difference between patients after SWL to the kidney relative to SWL to the distal ureter and therefore a causal relationship was not supported by the data.