Nilsson E, et al. - Authors gauged the relationships of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), measured at dialysis initiation, with cardiovascular disease (CVD), CVD risk factors and mortality in incident dialysis patients, and assessed whether body composition and inflammation modulated these relationships. Findings suggested an association of higher PAPP-A levels in incident dialysis patients with worse survival after adjustment for established cardiovascular risk factors and body composition indices, but not clearly so when adjusted for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Potential effect modifiers for the observed moderate association of PAPP-A with survival were inflammation, body composition (FTI) and DM.