Ahmed M, et al. - In adult patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy, researchers performed a hospital-based case-control study in Woldia and Dessie Hospitals to find predictive factors of virological treatment failure. They included 154 patients and 154 controls among adult patients on first-line antiretroviral treatment. Outcomes revealed statistically greater odds of virological failure in patients with a current CD4 T-cell count of < 200 mm³ vs a CD4 T-cell count of > 200 mm³, current body mass index (BMI) < 16 kg/m² vs a BMI > 18.5 kg/m², BMI between 16 and 18.5 kg/m² vs BMI > 18.5 kg/m², and poor vs good adherence to antiretroviral therapy. These findings emphasize the necessity for enhancing the nutritional status of HIV patients with nutritional education and support and by encouraging adherence counseling.