Qu T, Yan M, Shen WJ, et al. - Given early management of unexplained infertility (UI), which represents about 25%-40% of all infertility, is hindered because of the non-existence of a reliable method to predict this condition with high accuracy, and therefore, researchers, using the technique of protein array, evaluated the profiles of 25 hormones and cytokines that were anticipated to be associated with pathogeneses and molecular pathways implicated in UI, in this prospective analysis including 84 child-bearing aged women that were clinically diagnosed UI and 44 matched healthy fertility women (controls). To recognize UI cases, they used the SMOTEboost model with 10 serum proteins in a clinical verification study. An area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.788 was generated for the predictor, with 24 serum protein features. The model with the top 10 important serum proteins had an AUC of 0.809 for predictive performance. Prolactin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and leptin were identified as the most significantly differentially expressed proteins. Women of childbearing age who are at risk of UI could be identified via evaluation of serum-based protein profile alterations. This step would lead to early identification as well as facilitation of the evolution of clinical strategies to manage UI and would guide their planned parenthood. It may also give hints to pathogeneses of the condition of test cases.