England LJ, et al. - Researchers conducted a randomized, double-blind, two-arm study with the aim to determine local as well as systemic safety of bilateral iontophoretic administration of lidocaine with epinephrine or lidocaine alone to the tympanic membrane (TM). Treatment with bilateral iontophoresis of either lidocaine and epinephrine (n = 15 subjects) or lidocaine alone (n = 10) was provided to 25 individuals. Findings revealed low plasma levels of drug and absence of both serious and non-serious device-, procedure-, or drug-related adverse events supporting the local as well as systemic safety of bilateral iontophoretic delivery of 2% lidocaine, 1:100,000 epinephrine to the TM.