Xiao Y, et al. - For the treatment of staghorn calculi, experts assessed the perioperative and long-term outcomes of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (RLP) vs percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). From May 2011 to March 2017, they randomly assigned 105 eligible patients with staghorn calculi into an RLP group and a PCNL group. While for most cases of staghorn calculi, PCNL is the first-line treatment, RLP can be considered as an alternative management of staghorn calculi in some selected cases with the extrarenal and dilated pelvis; RLP was related to a high single-session stone-free rate (SFR), low rates of complications, and better functional preservation of the affected kidney.