Duan G, et al. - Researchers compared tramadol and hydromorphone in terms of their postoperative analgesic effects for secondary cesarean delivery (CD) as well as their anti-anxiety and anti-depression properties. They randomly allocated a total of 106 patients receiving secondary CD under spinal anesthesia to the tramadol group (n=53) and the hydromorphone group (n=53). Postoperative intravenous analgesia with tramadol or hydromorphone led to comparable analgesic effects on incision pain. Compared to hydromorphone, tramadol was noted to be less effective in controlling visceral pain, but it may help to mitigate anxiety and depression in the early postpartum period, improve patients’ early mobilization and shorten their hospital stay.