Silva HF, et al. – The current study was expected to explore whether the impacts of titanium (Ti) surface topography on osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation are modulated by extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). The outcomes suggested that a precise modulation of ERK1/2 expression and activity induced by surface topography could be a good strategy to drive the process of implant osseointegration.