Iida N, et al. - Given that, the makeup of gut microbiota is changed by overuse of antibiotic drugs, researchers analyzed a randomized controlled trial and a prospective analysis to determine the relation of gut flora and antibiotics with the prognosis of patients with liver cancer who had received chemotherapy. Findings revealed a poor prognosis inpatients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have undergone chemotherapy relative to the use of antibiotics targeting anaerobes. In addition, a link between Blautia, an intestinal anaerobic bacterium, and a good prognosis was evident. Exercising caution regarding the overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting anaerobes in hepatocellular carcinoma patients could be a good idea.