Chen X, et al. - AR-V7 expression was quantified at the time of radical prostatectomy, prior to long-term hormonal manipulation and castration resistance. The potential prognostic impact of AR-V7 expression on the biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival was determined. In a major proportion of tumors, prostate cancer cells with high nuclear AR-V7 protein expression could be detected at the time of radical prostatectomy. A relationship was demonstrated between the presence of AR-V7-positive tumor cells with an unfavorable prognosis for BCR-free survival in a high-risk patient cohort, including a subgroup of patients selected to receive adjuvant therapy. Herein, AR-V7 served as an independent negative prognosticator. Through the overexpression of nuclear AR-V7 protein, a subset of tumors with remarkably aggressive growth characteristics was discovered among clinically and histologically high-risk patients at the time of radical prostatectomy.