Dani C, et al. - The target of this paper was to discern the frequency of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) in very preterm infants with severe respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Furthermore, it gauged the effectiveness of iNO in these patients, and to individuate possible predictive factors for the response to inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in preterm infants with RDS. PPHN occurred as a common complication of severe RDS in very preterm infants. The iNO therapy could improve their oxygenation earlier than in infants without PPHN. This therapy was not advised for the routine treatment of RDS in premature neonates. Nevertheless, it ought to be cautiously regarded in cases of a concurrent diagnosis of PPHN.