Hamroun A, Frimat L, Laville M, et al. - The rate of hospital-acquired acute kidney injury (AKI) events in CKD patients was found to be high and these events were underreported at hospital discharge. In CKD cases, low birth weight and anemia were identified as possible new risk factors for AKI development.

• A total of 3033 nephrology outpatients with CKD stage 3-5 were included from the CKD-REIN cohort study (2013-2020).

• All-stage AKI events were identified by applying the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria.

• A history of AKI was present at baseline in 22% of the patients.

• A 3-year follow-up revealed occurrence of at least one AKI event in 443 patients.

• Incidence rates were noted to be 10.1 and 4.8 per 100 person-years in cases with and without an AKI history, respectively.

• Male gender, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis, several drugs, low eGFR, and serum albumin levels as well as low birth weight (<2500 g) and hemoglobin level (HR 1.21; 1.12 to 1.32 per 1 g/dl decline) were significantly linked with higher risk of AKI in 2375 cases without an AKI history.

• Within one year, recovery of previous renal function was experienced by only 63% of the patients, 13.7% had initiated kidney replacement therapy, and 12.7% had died.